PRESENT PERFECT
The Present Perfect Tense is formed with have / has the past participle.
Affirmative Statements Negative Statements
I have written I have not written.
He has written He has not written.
Affirmative Questions Negative Questions
Have I written ? Have I not written ?
Has he written ? Has he not written?
Present Perfect Tense is used:
i) To talk about finished actions when we are thinking about their results in the present.
Ex: She has come. ( She is here now )
They have gone. ( They are not here )
He has not eaten any bread. ( The bread is still on the table )
We have not received the letter. ( It is not with us now )
ii) To express a past action whose duration is known.
Ex: They have lived for 20 years.
He has been ill for five days.
iii) We cannot use past time adverbial with the present perfect
Ex: I have done it yesterday. ( incorrect )
I have done it. ( correct )
iv) But we can use adverbials like already, before, ever never, yet, so far, up to now, just now.
Ex: I have already read the book.
We have met before.
She has never met me.
He was not arrived yet.
We have read three novels so far.
Have you ever read Gita ?
V) We can use 'since' and ' for ' with the present perfect because when they are used in with this way, they refer to a definite time.
Ex: We have lived here for ten years.
We have lived here since 1987.
The Present Perfect Tense is formed with have / has the past participle.
Affirmative Statements Negative Statements
I have written I have not written.
He has written He has not written.
Affirmative Questions Negative Questions
Have I written ? Have I not written ?
Has he written ? Has he not written?
Present Perfect Tense is used:
i) To talk about finished actions when we are thinking about their results in the present.
Ex: She has come. ( She is here now )
They have gone. ( They are not here )
He has not eaten any bread. ( The bread is still on the table )
We have not received the letter. ( It is not with us now )
ii) To express a past action whose duration is known.
Ex: They have lived for 20 years.
He has been ill for five days.
iii) We cannot use past time adverbial with the present perfect
Ex: I have done it yesterday. ( incorrect )
I have done it. ( correct )
iv) But we can use adverbials like already, before, ever never, yet, so far, up to now, just now.
Ex: I have already read the book.
We have met before.
She has never met me.
He was not arrived yet.
We have read three novels so far.
Have you ever read Gita ?
V) We can use 'since' and ' for ' with the present perfect because when they are used in with this way, they refer to a definite time.
Ex: We have lived here for ten years.
We have lived here since 1987.
